This is in-depth, four-day course on analog PAL technology for broadcast engineers who seek a deeper understanding of the principles upon which digital broadcasting is based.
- Analog Signal Fundamentals
- Electo-optics and video basics
- Video lines, fields and frames
- Baseband video signals
- Impedance: L, C & R
- Transmission lines
- Monochome TV Broadcasting
- Antennas and RF propagation
- Amplitude Modulation
- Carrier Spacing and Bandwidth Considerations
- Color TV Broadcasting
- Colorimetry - CIE chromaticity coordinates
- Color video encoding: RGB and Y Pr Pb compared
- Color spaces and gamut
- Luminance and Chrominance
- Maintaining backward compatibility with Black and White: Bandwidth constraints
- Overcoming challenges in combining luminance and chromiance signals in a composite video signal
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
- Composite color video encoder and decoder - theory of operation
- Technical Monitoring
- Color signal levels and the vectorscope display
- PPAL encoding and decoding: improving on NTSC encoding
- PAL frequencies and timing
- Chrominance to Luminance Gain and Delay
- Differential Phase and Gain
- Grayscale Tracking
- Diplay Convergence
- Color Framing and Editing
- Need for Color Framing
- Bruch blanking
- Imaging Technology
- Photoelectric effect and imaging tubes
- Charged Coupled Devices: IT, FT and FIT
- Audio Fundamentals
- Sound Pressure Level
- Human hearing model (A and C weighting curves)
- Sound transducers and impedance matching
- Comparing units: dBu, PPM, VU and dBFS
- Balanced Audio: Common Mode Rejection Ratio, Cross Talk, SNR and Noise model
- Broadcasting TV Sound
- Frequency Modulation
- Sound break-through
- Total Harmonic Distortion
- Inter-modulation Distortion
- Timecode
- VITC placement, encoding and decoding
- LTC and Bi-Phase Mark modulation
- Timecode BCD encoding
- Userbits, control bits and flags
